LLC Application Essay Sample

LLC Application Essay SampleAn LLC application essay sample is a guide for college students who are looking to complete an LLC application. Some people are not aware of the requirements required when they start to file a new LLC. This is a good chance for students to become educated about the process, especially if they already have experience with incorporation.The LLC ra application essay sample is a great way for the students to understand the requirements. Since LLCs are usually considered a partnership between two people, they will also need to file a Partnership Income Tax Return (Partnership Tax Return) form. This must be filed by the end of the calendar year. An LLC application can help students understand the rules and regulations of this tax return.It is also important for students to understand the administration of LLC fees. A non-filing fee is paid each year to allow the LLC to continue operating. Other fees include a state fee, renewal fee, annual shareholder fee, docum ent processing fee, etc.An LLC ra application essay sample can help explain how these fees are paid and what their implications are. Some of the information covered in this application is also included in the Partnership Income Tax Return. The information needed for the LLC can be found on the Partnership Income Tax Return. There is information on reporting distributions from LLCs.Information regarding the number of owners meeting the requirements is also important. This is important because only one owner is allowed to file the state forms for the LLC. In order to form a corporation, all shareholders are required to be in the state.The contribution from each shareholder is also an important issue that must be considered when forming a LLC. Each shareholder will need to enter their share in the state filing of the LLC. For this reason, it is important for each shareholder to be counted and therefore included in the total shareholder.By educating themselves about LLC filing requireme nts, students will be better prepared to handle a situation that might arise. This will give them a greater understanding of the process and why some steps should be taken before the date of the filing. Students should also know that as the owner of the LLC, they can't file the LLC form until it has been filed.The LLC ra application essay sample is a great guide for students who want to get the most out of the process. They will be more knowledgeable of LLC filing rules and regulations and will know what things to look for when submitting the papers for filing. This is a good resource for students who are serious about becoming involved in the business world.

Themes of Your Essay Topic

Themes of Your Essay TopicTheater essays are also known as personal statements and theater, plays, screenplays and theater. They are some of the most popular undergraduate degrees in the English Department. Other terms related to the field of literature include theater, play, drama, playwright, and literature. This academic area is a great way to express and explore your writing talents.The essay topic is the core that forms the story of your essay. You have to take care of the theme of your essay. It should be interesting and different from the other essays that you will read. You will have to analyze the concept in order to make it interesting for the reader. You will also have to include the literary and historical significance of the topic in order to make the reader focus on it.The question which you will put in your essay should be based on the topic. You have to use the topic to make a thesis statement. This statement should be written as an introduction of your essay. Since y our audience will read this introduction, it must be interesting and must really provide a thesis about the topic of your essay.Topics can also vary depending on the class or program that you will take. A seminar-based seminar would normally have more topics than an undergraduate course in general. You might encounter some topics in an undergraduate course.Different academic programs have different themes. It is therefore important that you decide on a topic that fits with the class that you will take. The topic that you choose will determine the format that you will use to compose your essay.You can use the available resources at your disposal to help you write the essay. You can get sample essays for free online. Most of these resources also have interactive examples of essays. These sample essays will help you prepare for your essay and they can also assist you in researching and writing your essay.The most important thing to do when writing an essay topics is to organize the mat erial. When you do this, you will be able to write and distribute it quickly. Organizing your thoughts will enable you to express your ideas and arguments clearly.

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Best Term Paper Writers That Only a Few People Know Exist

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Best Term Paper Writers That Only a Few People Know Exist For all of us, writers are the key asset, and we do everything we can to get the best ones even if it requires time and energy. Your textbook isn't an exception. Always been interested in the entire process an author goes through. The Chronicles of Best Term Paper Writers Term paper writing is among the absolute most responsible tasks that students have to fulfill during the analysis in the greater educational institutions. Every step along the term paper writing requires assiduous preparation, ideal strategy, and amazing responsibility. Writing a term paper is a tricky task as it is and the truth is you aren't likely to have the ability to pass your post-graduate degree of education, if you don't do a couple of research assignments. Our term paper writing service permits customers to pick the writer they wish to work with based on their abilities and assignment requirements. Things You Won't Like About Best Term Paper Writers and Things You Will The second implies there is a specific number of writers that have earned special recognition from their clientele. The custom writing companies are typical helpers for the students all around the world nowadays. In case our writer fails to fulfill your expectations, we offer 100% money-back guarantee. Research paper writing is one of the most challenging academic pursuits. Term paper writers have to hold a few benefits in order that they can prepare the very best label newspapers with respect to top quality. When a paper is ready, we run numerous checks to make sure that it's original. Writing a research paper is a significant skill you should learn. To totally understand what information particular components of the paper should discuss heres another research paper example including some essential regions of the paper. You should not count on quotes from some other sources to compose most of your papers. So, in case you invest in additional paper pages, you will receive more significant rebates. As you are about the best internet page in which it's possible to purchase your college term paper, you might not need to work with it by itself. We writers are inclined to be very superstitious about our Process. Regular writers do an exceptional job. Qualified writers are a few of the the most appropriate school assignment writers. Best Term Paper Writers Options Papers in MLA format stipulates a procedure for documentation. MLA Format term paper isn't the worst assignment in the planet, so relax and simply do it! A term paper formatted in the APA style attempts to demonstrate something which has been demonstrated to be true and it must be cited before or present perfect tense. Understanding what a superior APA format is created up is the secret to producing a good paper. Regardless of the character of your research, if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts, but in addition act as the template for your whole paper. Following are a few links and an overall outline on the best way to compose your term papers. Developing a fantastic outline is the key to a prosperous term paper. There are various sorts of term papers, each one with distinctive procedures of writing them. Any sources you do use needs to be valid sources like the text book, library books, journal articles, news stories, government sites, or the site of organizations you're discussing. On top of that, it's term to professional started and we can help you have the content you will need for a wide variety of subjects and topics. The subject of your paper and the selected literature needs to be adjacent. The reference list ought to be alphabetized.

Borderline Personality Disorder Research Paper - 1909 Words

Borderline Personality Disorder Research Paper Shannon Allen Melissa Patton, MA, HS-BCP Abnormal Psychology 25644 March 8, 2013 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER Abstract: This paper will discuss the causes and psychological impact of borderline personality disorder. It will also talk about how to treat those impacted by borderline personality disorder. Introduction: This article discusses the significance of psychotherapy options in treating borderline personality disorder (BPD). Borderline personality is a disorder with a variety of symptoms that can be briefly summarized as instability in mood, thinking, behavior, personal relations, and self-image. Psychotherapy options include cognitive†¦show more content†¦Interestingly, such sensitivity in seen more frequently in women, who comprise 75 percent of borderlines. Medicines that regulate these neurotransmitters imbalances have been shown to relieve borderline symptoms (Kreisman, 2004, p. 13). Genetics and Environmental Roots Family studies have demonstrated that first-degree relatives of borderlines are five times more likely to also fulfill the BPD diagnosis that the general public. Family members of borderlines also are more likely to be diagnosed with related illnesses, especially substances abuse, affective disorders, and antisocial personality disorder. Undoubtedly, genetic contributions- modified by environmental influences- to the development of BPD are dependent on multiple factors and probably engage multiple chromosomal loci (Kreisman, 2004, p. 14). Psychological Impact The main feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and emotions. People with borderline personality disorder are also usually very impulsive. This disorder occurs in most by early adulthood. The unstable pattern of interacting with others has persisted for years and is usually closely related to the person’s self-image and early social interactions. TheShow MoreRelatedBorderline Personality Disorder Research Paper Before Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) was1500 Words   |  6 PagesBorderline Personality Disorder Research Paper Before Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) was clearly defined, it was called a â€Å"wastebasket† disorder. This meant a patient could be diagnosed with it if they didn’t fit clearly within another certain diagnosis. BPD was often confused with schizophrenia, non-schizophrenic psychoses, and anxiety and depressive disorders. This disorder was commonly said to respond poorly, if not at all, to treatment. 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The cause of borderline personalityRead MoreBorderline Personality is a disorder that affects a significantly large percentage of the1000 Words   |  4 PagesBorderline Personality is a disorder that affects a significantly large percentage of the population with a prevalence rate of up to 5.9%. (DSM, 2000) Out of that percentage about 75% of patients diagnosed with BPD are female. It is an illness that is both misunderstood and given quite a bad stigma. It is difficult to live with and those that have it struggle to maintain personal and business relationshi ps. Even with the high demand for treatment it is a disorder that is hard to treat however whenRead MorePersonality Disorders : The Good Son1215 Words   |  5 Pagesin Personality Disorders in Children Jealousy is the emotion that plays a main role of personality disorders in children. â€Å"Jealousy is an emotion, not a diagnosis, but when an individual experiences extreme jealousy, they may find that the emotion negatively affects their life, possibly even contributing to the development of mental health conditions† (GoodTherapy.org, 2015). The review of literature indicates that jealousy is the underlying emotion of the Cluster B personality disorders. InRead MoreThe Role of Parents in Shaping a Child ´s Future Essay examples1239 Words   |  5 Pages I. My Question The topic I intend to research is the role of parents in shaping a child’s future. This paper will examine the idea of nature vs. nurture and relationships between parents and children in the play Romeo and Juliet and the modern world. I decided upon researching this topic because I find it fascinating that both personality characteristics and social and ideological beliefs are passed from parent to children, whether genetically, or simply the manner in which the child is raisedRead MoreChildhood Trauma and Symptoms of Psychological Disorders Essay examples1567 Words   |  7 Pagesresearchers have conducted many case studies and have spent countless hours reviewing case studies that have already been done to try to find the answer to the question, does childhood trauma cause and effect the symptoms of patients with psychological disorders such as Schizophrenia and Psychosis, or can the trauma cause a patient to have Schizophrenia or Psychosis. Many case studies’ findings state that there is a link. Some studies say only certain symptoms are affected. I want to know what symptoms areRead MoreThe Identification And Interpretation Of Transference964 Words   |  4 Pagescontraindicated for those with Borderl ine Personality Disorder (BPD), a pervasive disorder already burdened with limited treatment options and stigma amongst treatment providers. This paper will examine the research behind the perceived risks and benefits of transference interpretations in the treatment of BPD. Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) will be highlighted as an example of the clinical utility of transference within an empirically supported BPD psychodynamic treatment. The paper will also include

james coopers Essay Example For Students

james coopers Essay James Fenimore CooperJames Fenimore Cooper was born in Burlington, New Jersey on September 15, 1789. He was born the eleventh of twelve children to William and Elizabeth Cooper. His real name is James Kent Cooper, he tried to change it so he could inherit some of his mothers wealth, but the court system would not allow it. He uses Fenimore as his penname (Hart 133). When he was about one year old, his family moved to the frontier of Lake Otsego, New York. His father established the settlement of Cooperstown at the basin of the Susquehanna River (Ulger 336). Coopers parents sent him to a private prep school in Albany, New York and from there, he was accepted into Yale. He remained at Yale for two years, until he was expelled for a childish prank. Coopers father made him join the armed forces and he chose the United States Navy in 1802. He signed on as a seaman on a vessel bound from Maine to England and received his commission. Cooper soon found out that more discipline was present in the Navy than at Yale (Hart 138). After two years, Cooper took a furlough and was assigned to a group of naval officers who were trying to establishing a fresh-water navy in the Great Lakes region. He did not like the assignment but he knew that as long as his father was alive that he had nothing else to do (Crystal 789). The death of Coopers father and his marriage are the two things that brought a change to his life. The death of his father was a tragedy at the hands of a political opponent, and this caused him to inherit, together with his brothers, a portion of a large estate unfortunately soon dissipated by all of them. Second was his marriage to Susan De Lancey in 1811, at the time he was twenty-one and she was only eighteen (Haycraft 178). In 1820, Cooper published his first literary work, Precaution, on a challenge from his wife. This novel was a disappointment to Cooper. He published his second work of American Literature, The Spy, and a year later in 1821. This novel was modeled after Sir Walters Scotts Waverly, with the exception that it was set during the American Revolution. The Spy brought Cooper international recognition and wealth. Coopers third novel, The Pioneers, was the first of five novels of a series that made up the Leatherstocking Tales. These were some of the most popular frontier novels featuring a frontiersman by the name of Natty Bumpoo, or Hawkeye. The Pioneers is generally considered to be first genuine American novel. The five novels of the series were not written in their narrative order (Howse 116). Cooper and his wife had five children when they moved to Europe in 1826 and stayed there until 1833 so their children would have the best education available at the time. When Cooper and his family returned to America in 1833, he found that he was quite unpopular due to his work Notions of the Americans and Letter to General Lafayette. He wrote these two works while he and his family were still living in Europe (Ulger 357). He left New York City mainly because of his unpopularity and the harsh feelings being shown to his family. Cooper decided to go back to Cooperstown, New York. He decided that he and his family were going to live like his family and raise his children as he was raised (Haycraft 179). Cooper died on September 14, 1851, one day before his sixty-second birthday. His works reflects that of Shakespeare and Milton, and used late eighteenth-century and early nineteenth-century poets as a guiding light for his writings. He also used the Bible, which he had studied as a you ng man, to mirror its names and its style or language. He saw that the role of literature was that of a way to enhance everyday life. Cooper was, and continues to be an immensely popular writer, as well as, he is generally considered to be the first major American novelist (Ulger 357). .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad , .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad .postImageUrl , .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad , .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad:hover , .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad:visited , .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad:active { border:0!important; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad:active , .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u84d7d23f05f658cabbc90c84681a7cad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What Is A Role Model EssayWORKS CITEDCrystal, David. The Cambridge Biographical Encyclopedia. New York: U of Cambridge P, 1998. Hart, James D. The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Oxford: Oxford U P, 1965. Haycraft, Howard and Stanley J. Kunitz. American Authors: 1600-1900. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1977. Howse, Ray Semon. Cooper: Sea Tales. New York: The Library of America, 1991. Ulger, Leonard. American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies. St. Paul: U of Minnesota, 1974.

Zero tolerance policing free essay sample

Zero-tolerance policing is a strong and authoritative form of policing with a main focus on minor crimes and public incivilities as public drunkenness, graffiti, beggary. Police discretion is removed and replaced by being tough on minor crimes and the use of coercive power. This is expected to cause a decline in major crimes as theft, burglary and violence. One of the main examples of zero-tolerance policing in practice is the policy of police commissioner William Bratton between 1991 and 1997. During that period crime rates declined largely, this was seen as a major evidence for the effectiveness of zero-tolerance policing. Although, other research has shown evidence for more, and maybe more important, explanations of the huge decline in crime. There was already a decline in homicide rates, the number of people using crack cocaine was declining, the drugs market was changing, intelligence-led policing was upcoming and there was an increase in community crime prevention (Bowling, 1999; Dixon, 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on Zero tolerance policing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Considering this, we can question if zero-tolerance policing is as effective as claimed. To understand the effects of zero-tolerance policing, it is useful to look at it from a different point of view, a criminological point of view. There are many criminological theories which promote zero-tolerance policing, but also a lot of theories attacking it. In this research essay the main criminological theories will be considered resulting in a conclusion about zero-tolerance policing. The main question is: To what extend does zero-tolerance policing reduce crime from a criminological point of view? Broken windows and broken windows-revised The most important theory which provides a base for zero-tolerance policing is the broken windows theory of Wilson and Kelling (1982). This theory focuses on the consequences of minor crimes and deterioration of the environment. If the physical environment of a neighbourhood declines and if there are behavioural manifestations of disorder, it will give a message of disinterest. This will give criminals the feeling that the probability of detection is low (Bernasco Nieuwbeerta, 2003). Another consequence of the behavioural and physical disorder is that the people will have growing feelings of insecurity and fear. O ‘Brien and Wilson (2011) argue that  individuals determine whether a neighbourhood is safe or not by looking for signs of disorder as beggary or graffiti. The more incivilities they see, the less secure people will feel. As a consequence of the fear, there will be a decrease of informal social control. The low degree of social cohesion is expected to result in more crime, as again, criminals will get the feeling that risk of sanction is low (Bernasco Nieuwbeerta, 2003). A low degree of social cohesion can be shown by a lack of collectivity, a high residential mobility, loose relationships, little formal and informal control and ineffective social organisations (Lanier Henry, 2010a). In short, physical disorder and the presence of minor crimes will result in more crime (Sampson Raudenbush, 2004). Zero-tolerance policing is therefore seen a good strategy to prevent crime because it will be tough on the physical and behavioural disorder. Police officers have no discretion so no exceptions would be made. The broken windows theory seems convincing but when we take a closer look, there are some questionable points. Sampson and Raudenbush (1999) have revised the broken windows thesis and they believe that the minor crimes are not the cause of more serious crime but there is another, underlying factor that causes both minor crimes and major crimes. The underlying factor they mean is the degree of collectivity and cohesion in the neighbourhood. Disorder is seen as a manifestation of crime and thus shows that there is a low degree of social cohesion. Also the social disorganization theory of Shaw and McKay (cited in Lanier Henry, 2009a, pp. 190 – 251) argues that there will be more crime in neighbourhoods with a low degree of social cohesion. In short, this means that the minor crimes are not the main cause of more serious crimes, but it is the degree of social cohesion in a neighbourhood. Therefore zero-tolerance policing will not be effective because it does not focus on improving the social cohesion and the sense of collectivity in a neighbourhood. The policing strategy is especially focused on minor crimes and no exceptions can be made because the removal of the police discretion. This strict policy is more likely to create a hostile relationship between police and public than to create a bond with the society. According to the revised broken windows theory, policing strategies which are based on trust, communication and legitimacy are expected to be the most effective (Burke 1998; Dixon, 1999). The deterrent effect of zero-tolerance policing Another theory supporting zero-tolerance policing and its severe and tough policy is the rational choice theory. This theory is based on the idea that people are rational beings and they are free in the making of their decisions. They will weigh the costs and benefits and depending on the outcome they decide what to do. Crime is seen as an outcome of this rational choice whereby the benefits are bigger than the costs. The choice people make is strongly influenced by situational factors. To prevent crime it is therefore important to change the situational factors and give people the feeling that the costs are higher than the benefits (Lanier Henry, 2009b). Zero-tolerance policing can be seen as a good way to give people that feeling of being controlled. When the police tolerates no crimes at all people will easier decide to refrain from committing a crime because the expected risk of sanction is high. In addition to this theory, it is important to deepen the concept of deterrence. There are two forms of deterrence, general deterrence and specific deterrence, both with the treat of punishment as main principle. The former is about preventing the whole community from committing a crime by punishing a few of them as example. The latter focuses on preventing one particular person from committing a crime by punishing the person itself. Because the treat of punishment, the costs of committing a crime will be higher and therefore people will be less likely to break the law. As becomes clear the deterrence perspective is closely related to the rational choice theory. An important question is, under which conditions is the deterrent effect optimal? There are a few conditions which are mentioned by Jeremy Bentham (cited in Ashworth, 1992, pp. 53-61), namely certainty, celerity and severity. Certainty is seen as the most important one and severity as the least important one. It is difficult to say if zero-tolerance policing meets all the requirements to have a maximal deterrent effect. It is clear that people became more certain of being punished for minor crimes and since certainty is often seen as the main condition, a significant effect is expected. For example the stop and searches by police officers will re duce street criminality because the expectancy of getting caught gets higher (Innes, 1999). Also zero-tolerance policing meets the severity part since sanctions are higher. Proving the celerity part is more difficult, there is a chance that the punishment  process delays because of the overload of cases. On the other side the sanctioning process may be completed more quickly because of the high priority of it. In short, zero-tolerance policing seems to generate a deterrent effect which reduces criminality on the streets. However, the deterrent effect seems to have its limits and it is difficult to prove the effectivity of deterrence. At first it assumes that offenders think rationally, but mostly they do not think about the consequences while committing a crime. Furthermore the deterrence by the treat of punishment has certainly not the biggest influence on the offender, other things like family are often found more important. Also, the deterrent effect has often got a small reach because not everyone in the society gets to know which sanctions are given (Ashworth, 1992). So, we can ask ourselves how effective zero-tolerance policing will be in practice because the effectiveness of deterrence is questionable. It is also very important to keep other side effects in mind, as I mentioned before, the rational choice theory assumes that tough policy and a high level of control can deter people from committing a crime. However, a high level of control will not always have a good influence on the public. The negative effects of tough policing can be found in the consequences of the large number of stop and searches in the UK. Each time someone is stopped and searched without a justifiable reason, it damages the public confidence and its respect for the police. Further, the use of the stop and searches often turns out to be disproportionate because they usually focuses on poor areas. Some ethnic minorities are more likely to live in this poor areas which holds that they are more often targeted by stop and searches. Inequalities like this can cause violence and riots, for example the riots in the UK in 2011. Young people felt anger against the police and the disproportionate use of stop and searches triggered them to start a riot (Bowling, 2008). Legitimacy and communication As becomes clear from the example of the UK riots in 2011, it is really important for the police to be viewed as legitimate, trustable and to be able to communicate with the civilians. Legitimate policing is not just more popular but it is also more effective in reducing crime, because the public is more willing to provide information and more willing to abide the law  (Sherman, 1997). Thus, the importance of this criteria should not be underestimated. To what extent does zero-policing meet this requirements? Many research has shown that zero-tolerance policing declines the legitimacy of the police (Burke, 1998; Dixon, 1999). This is caused by the military, aggressive style of the strategy which creates a growing gap between the public and the police. It seems that marginalized groups are often targeted and crime of the powerful is largely ignored. This unequal and often disproportionate policing is one of the main causes of the growing distrust in the police and the gap I mentioned. As a result of this gap, there will be a decline in information flows from the civilians to the police which reduces the effectiveness of the police since information is necessary fighting crime. Another problem caused by the gap is the reluctance of civilians to report crime to the police. This will make it more difficult for the police to response effectively on crime. When trust in the police is decreasing and the information flow is declining, police officers have to find other ways to get information about crime and the society. Therefore, there is a growing likelihood that police officers will make use of stereotypes which results in the enforcement of police targeting some specific areas due to prejudices and racial profiling. As becomes clear, it is a vicious circle which produces a decline in legitimacy and a growing gap between policy and public. From this point of view, the effects of zero-tolerance policing are not very positive. Another cause of declining legitimacy is the growth of police aggression and brutality, because police officers are conforming into their roles of being tough and strict (Burke, 1998). The Brixton Riots in South-Londen are a good example of the consequences of a weakening relationship between the police and the public and a growing distrust in the police organization. Lord Scarman wrote a report about the riots in 1981 (cited in Burke, 1998, pp. 666-682) saying that the aggressive form of policing and the mistrust in the police were the cause of the riots. The main recommendation in the report was the importance of a good collaboration between the police and the public in preventing and fighting crime. Zero-tolerance policing is a strategy that weakens the relationship between police and civilians and is thus expected not to have a positive effect in reducing crime. The labeling effect Zero-tolerance policing can have more negative effects which are not mentioned before. One of the side effects is caused by the unequal policing that especially targets marginalized groups. This targeting of marginalized groups can start a process of labeling and self fulfilling prophecy. The police is very important in identifying people, thus a negative label or stigma given by the police can lead to a negative self-image in the stigmatized group. This image can have such a big impact on people, that the marginalized people will adapt their behavior to their new image. So, the prophecy of criminality fulfills itself as a consequence of the labeling process. Research has shown that the labeling process has the biggest impact after being incarcerated. Since zero-tolerance policing can be really tough, especially on some marginalized groups, there is a chance that the labeling process will be initiated. Also, there is much evidence that the incarceration rates will increase if zero-tolerance policing is practiced (Jussim et al. 2000). Conclusion The effects of zero-tolerance policing cannot simply be labelled positive or negative. In practice it seemed to have a huge impact shown by declining crime rates in New York between 1991 and 1997. However, when we take a closer look, the declining crime rates are more likely to be caused by other factors. Many criminological theories do suggestions about the effectiveness of zero-tolerance policing, some positive and some negative. The main question that is answered in this paper is: to what extend does zero-tolerance policing reduce crime, from a criminological point of view? The broken windows theory provided evidence for a high effectiveness of the strategy, but the revise of this theory highlighted an underlying explanation of both minor and major crimes. The rational choice theory argues that zero-tolerance policing does have an effect because of the high deterrent effect. However, this deterrence is never proven and zero-tolerance policing can, on the other side, cause violence and riots as the UK Riots in 2011. As becomes clear, zero-tolerance policing does not strengthen the relationship between the police and the public. Worsening communication and declining legitimacy are caused by disproportionate and  aggressive policy. This will not only cause a decline in information flow, but it will also cause a decreasing willingness to abide the law. Another side effect of zero-tolerance policing is shown by the labeling theory which argues that being tough on some specific groups can cause a negative self-image which can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy. According to this criminological theories zero-tolerance policing will have more negative effects than positive effects. A better way of dealing with crime is to build a relationship with the community and to gain trust and legitimacy. A flexible and cooperative approach will make it possible to rebuild public trust and to strengthen relationships between police and public, in the end this will make our community safer.

How to Celebrate Shakespeares Birthday

How to Celebrate Shakespeares Birthday Shakespeare was born and died on April 23 and over 400 years on, we are still celebrating his birthday. Joining up with a Bard birthday bash is the best way to celebrate, but if you’re unable to attend an event, throw your own party! Here, a few creative ways to celebrate Shakespeare’s birthday. 1. Visit Stratford-upon-Avon If you live in the UK or are visiting the area in the month of April, then there is no better place in the world to celebrate William Shakespeares birthday than his hometown of Stratford-upon-Avon. On the weekend of his birthday, this little market town in Warwickshire (UK) pulls out all the stops. Hundreds of people travel to the town and line the streets to watch the town dignitaries, community groups, and RSC celebrities mark the Bards birth by starting the parade in Henley Street where the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust can be found. They then snake their way through the streets of the town to Holy Trinity Church, the Bards final resting place. The town then spends the weekend (and most of the week) entertaining its visitors with street performances, RSC workshops, world-class theater and free community theater.   2. Perform a Scene If you cant make it to Stratford-upon-Avon or one of the other Shakespeare birthday events happening around the world, then why not throw your own party? Dust off that old Shakespeare tome and act out your favorite scene. Couples can try the famous balcony scene from Romeo and Juliet, or the entire family can attempt the tragic ending from Hamlet. Remember: Shakespeare didn’t write his plays to be read they were to be performed! So, get into the spirit and start acting. 3. Read a Sonnet Shakespeare’s sonnets are some of English literature’s most beautiful poetry. It’s a delight to read aloud. Ask everyone at the celebration to find a sonnet that they like and read it to the group. If you’re not sure how to do justice to Shakespeares works by reading aloud, we have some advice to make your performance sparkle. 4. Visit the Globe This might be difficult if you don’t live in London or plan to be there. But it is possible to build your own Globe Theater  and keep the family entertained all afternoon print out all the parts you need and reconstruct Shakespeares wooden O. You can also take a virtual  photo tour of the reconstructed Globe Theatre in London. 5. Watch a Branagh Film Kenneth Branagh has made some of cinema’s best Shakespeare film adaptations. Much Ado About Nothing is arguably his most upbeat, celebratory film the perfect flick to round out the Bard’s birthday bash.